Stylesheet

RULES FOR PREPARING MANUSCRIPTS FOR SUBMISSION

Please note that manuscripts must meet a high standard of academic English. Authors are responsible for ensuring the linguistic quality of their submissions. Manuscripts that do not meet the required language standard may be returned without review or rejected.

As of 2026, we ask that all manuscripts submitted in English follow the orthographic and grammatical rules of American (U.S.) English.

1. The Editorial Board reserves the right to proofread the manuscripts for their adherence to the following rules before starting the review process.
2. The manuscripts are to be sent to the Editorial Board in a text file (.doc, .docx)

The text is to be formatted in the following way:

1. Times New Roman font, size 12, in footnotes - size 10,
2. margins 2.5cm,
3. line spacing 1.5,
4. justified text (aligned equally along the left and right margins)
5. pages enumerated in the top right corner in Arabic numeration
6. black font
7. spacing between characters - standard, paragraphs - indented 1.25cm

The article length should not exceed one publishing unit (about 40 000 signs with spaces). In case of longer texts please contact adrian.szopa@uken.krakow.pl

Besides entering this data in the appropriate places in the system during the article submission process, the author should, in addition to the file containing the manuscript, upload a separate file called AUTHOR DATA, consisting of:

1. the author’s full name, academic degree, affiliation, and (if applicable) academic title;
2. title and abstract in English and Polish consisting of 800–1200 characters, including spaces;
3. 3–7 keywords in Polish and English;
4. current address for correspondence, phone number and e-mail address, as well as author’s affiliation;
5. ORCID number.

Footnotes

1. footnotes (not endnotes) with continuous numeration are to be used throughout the manuscript;
2. sources and literature used in the manuscript should be cited as follows: the first initial and surname of the author, title [italics], publishing house, place of publication, year of publication and page numbers, e.g.:
   D. Lee, War in Late Antiquity. A Social History, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2007, p. 24.
3. Please do not use op. cit. when re-quoting; instead: the first initial and surname of the author, shortened title [italic] ending with “...” and page numbers. Latin phrases and abbreviations are to be used in the footnotes: ibidem, idem., eadem, e.g.:
4. With “see” and “see, inter alia,” use:

See, inter alia, M. Cybowski, The Polish Questions in British Politics and Beyond,…

See M. Cybowski, The Polish Question in….

D. Lee, War in Late Antiquity..., pp. 154–159.
Ibidem, p. 163.
Av. Cameron, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity AD 395-600, Routledge, London 1993, p. 43.
Eadem, p. 45.

1. footnotes referring to unpublished archival sources should include the name of the archive, name of the archival collection, reference number, document title, everything in simplified form, e.g.: Archiwum Narodowe w Krakowie, Okręgowy Urząd Górniczy w Krakowie, ref no. 29/300/1, document title.
2. a chapter from a monograph by the same author should be cited as follows: the first initial and surname of the author, title of the chapter [italics], [in:], title of the book [italics] publishing house, place of publication, page numbers, e.g.:
   D. Lee, The Infrastructure of War, [in:] War in Late Antiquity. A Social History, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2007, p. 85.
3. an edited volume should be cited as follows: title [italic], the first initial and surname of editor(s), publishing house, place of publication, page numbers, e. g.:
   A Companion to Late Antiquity, ed. P. Rousseau, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford 2012, p. 45.
4. a chapter from an edited volume should be cited as follows: the first initial and surname of the author, title of the chapter [italics], [in:], the title of the collective publication, the first initial and surname of the editor(s), publishing house, place of publication, page numbers, e.g.:
   D. Cook, Syria and the Arabs, [in:] A Companion to Late Antiquity, ed. P. Rousseau, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford 2012, pp. 467-478.
5. an article from a journal should be cited as follows: the first initial and surname of the author, title [italics], name of the journal in quotes, volume number, year in parentheses, issue number, page numbers, e.g.:
   W. Goffart, The Technique of Barbarian Settlement in the Fifth Century: A Personal, Streamlined Account with Ten Additional Comments, “Journal of Late Antiquity” 2010, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 65-98.
6. an article from the Internet should be cited as follows: the first initial and surname of the author, title [italics], url, acces date in parentheses, e.g.
   K. Domaradzki, Władcy elektryczności – Tesla kontra Edison, http://www.forbes.pl/wladcy-elektrycznosci-tesla-kontra-edison,artykuly,209537,1,1.h (accessed: 2.01.2017).

Bibliography

A list of sources and literature with full bibliographical records should be included at the end of the manuscript in the same file, each item cited as in footnotes, with one difference: the author’s surname should be placed before the full first name.

Bibliography should be presented as follows:

1. archival sources [include only the name(s) of the archive(s) and the name(s) of archival collection(s)]
2. source editions
3. secondary literature
4. Internet sources

Elements of the main text

1. quotes:
   - sources are to be quoted already translated, and the original needs to be included in a corresponding footnote,
   - should be put in quotation marks (“”)
   - quotes are to be placed within the main text,
   - no ellipsis should be placed before a quotation,
   - omissions in the quote should be marked with an ellipsis in square brackets [...],
   - should the need arise to include a missing word, a phrase equivalent etc., they should be added in square brackets,
   - in case of a typographic distinction, its author needs to be pointed out in italics,
   - in case of nested quotes (quotes within quotes) single quotation marks are to be used ‘ ’ for the lower grade quote,
2. names, surnames and other expressions identifying persons:
   - the names and surnames needs to be written in the language of the persons’ origins; using the Polish form of names, surnames, or descriptions of persons is permitted in case of: rulers, saints, Polonized foreigners, or people widely known in Poland
   - the first names of figures mentioned for the first time in the main text or in a footnote are to be initialed, with the surname fully spelled out, later on in only surnames should be used,
3. abbreviations, dates and other expressions of time, numerals:
   - Spell out numbers zero through one hundred, and round numbers above that (e.g., two thousand).: 2,000, 5 million, 10 billion, ,

   Exceptions — use numerals even for numbers below 100:

   When referring to:

   Units of measurement (e.g., miles, kilograms, liters, nautical miles)

   6 nautical miles, not six nautical miles

   Percentages

   47 percent

   Monetary amounts

   $120,000 not one hundred twenty thousand dollars

   Dates, time, ages, page/chapter numbers, and statistics

   
   - commonly accepted abbreviations can be used: etc., inter allia, but consequently throughout the text; if the abbreviations used are unclear or can raise doubts, they need to be explained after their first use in a footnote, and if their understanding requires special knowledge - in the main text,
   - when using different calendar styles, both dates need to be given,
   - the month always needs to be written in words, e.g. in March 1953
   - if only a century or year is given, both full writing (in the 20^th century, in the year 1953) and abbreviated writing can be used (in the 20th century, in 1953),
   - in expressions like “in the second half of the twentieth century” or “in the 1950s”

4. Charts and tables:
   - charts and tables included in articles should be pasted in the text file where they should appear in the publication,
   - numbers and titles are to be placed above the chart or table, the source beneath the table, in simple writing, in the Times New Roman font, size 10,
5. illustrations (only in black and white):
   - drawings, photographs, photocopies, maps, charts, structural formulas should be delivered in the form of graphic files (min. 600dpi), in the running text with an indication where they are to be placed,
   - all illustrations need to include the author’s name, source, and copyright status (the description should be in simple writing, Times New Roman, size 10)
6. distinctions in the text:
   - only distinctions for titles brought up in the main text of the publishing, for foreign language expressions, all in italics are to be used in the base text.
7. Emphasis and Translation (Footnotes)
8. When the author adds emphasis (e.g., italicization) to part of a quotation, note it in the footnote: (emphasis mine)

   Example:

   Emphasis mine. Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, trans. Terrell Carver, Penguin, London1992, p. 37.

9. When the author translates a quotation from the original language into English, indicate it in the footnote: (my translation)

   Example:

   My translation. Pierre Bourdieu, Le Sens pratique, Minuit, Paris, p. 94.

10. If the article contains multiple self-translations by the author, include a general note at the beginning of the article (e.g., in the first footnote where the author’s translation appears), such as:

    Unless otherwise noted, all translations from [language] into English are the author’s own.

11. If a quotation retains original or historical spelling (e.g., archaic, nonstandard, or variant forms), this should be noted in the footnote as follows: (original spelling retained)
    or (emphasis and original spelling retained)

    Alternatively, if the spelling has been modernized or normalized, you may indicate: (spelling modernized)

12. Use an en dash (–), not a hyphen (-), to separate dates, page numbers, or spans of data:

Example: 1830–1864; pp. 27–32; July 21–23.

Do not use em dash (—)

Submission
To submit manuscripts electronically, please log in on our website: https://resgestae.uken.krakow.pl/. We do not accept e-mail submissions.

Footnote & Bibliography Guide

This guide provides standardized formatting rules for bibliographic footnotes in line with your customized citation style, including examples for various source types.

Type	Rule	Example
Book	Author, Title, Publisher, Place Year.	P. Puchalski, Poland in a Colonial World Order, Routledge, London–New York 2022.
Edited Book Chapter	Author, Title of Chapter, [in:] Title of Book, ed. Editor, Publisher, Place Year, pp. x–y.	B. Bakuła, Colonial and Postcolonial Aspects, [in:] From Sovietology to Postcoloniality, ed. J. Korek, Universitas, Warszawa 2007, pp. 41–61.
Journal Article	Author, Title, “Journal Name” Year, vol. x, no. x, pp. x–y.	B. Balogun, Polish Lebensraum, “Ethnic and Racial Studies” 2018, vol. 41, no. 14, pp. 2561–2579.
Newspaper/Magazine	Author, Title, “Publication,” Date, no. x, p. x.	A. Strojek, Precz z krainą śmierci, “Piast,” January 13, 1929, no. 2, p. 6.
Online Article	Author, Title, “Website,” Date, URL (access: dd.mm.yyyy).	M. Gonera, Polskie marzenia o zamorskich koloniach, “Onet Podróże,” June 2, 2021, https://... (access: 10.04.2025).
Multiple Authors	First Author et al., Title, Publisher, Place Year.	J. Borkowski et al., Zarys historii polskiego ruchu ludowego, LSW, Warszawa 1970.
Translated Book	Author, Title, trans. Translator, Publisher, Place Year.	D. Beauvois, Trójkąt ukraiński, trans. K. Rutkowski, UMCS, Lublin 2005.
Repeated Work	Idem or Ibidem, p. x (if same author or same title).	Ibidem, p. 45.
Institutional Author	Institution, Title, Publisher, Place Year.	Polskie Towarzystwo Emigracyjne, Sprawozdanie, Warszawa 1929.